HistoryAlthough passing mention of this idea had been made at many points in history, it was apparently the English scientist
Robert Hooke who first gave a vivid and comprehensive outline of visual telegraphy to the
Royal Society in a submission dated 1684; in it he outlined many practical details, but his system was never put into practice.
Over a hundred years later a French engineer,
Claude Chappe and his brothers took up the challenge again and succeeded to cover
France with a network of 556 stations stretching a total distance of 4,800 kilometres. It was used for military and national communications until the 1850s.
Many national services adopted signaling systems different from the Chappe system. For example,
Britain and
Sweden adopted systems of shuttered panels (in contradiction to the Chappe brothers' contention that angled rods are more visible). In
Spain, the engineer
Agustín de Betancourt developed his own system which was adopted by that state. This system was considered by many experts in Europe better than Chappe's, even in France.
旗語，一種利用旗幟傳遞信號的溝通方式，可分單旗和雙旗兩種。
1684年英國人
羅伯特·虎克（
Robert Hooke）利用懸掛數種明顯的符號來通訊。
1793年法國人
Claude Chappe利用
十字架左右木臂上下移動所呈現出的位置和角度來表示各個字母，叫做「Semaphore」。據說
1814年被放逐的
拿破崙從
厄爾巴島潛逃回
巴黎的消息即是利用此法迅速傳遍
歐洲。
雙旗式的旗手雙手各拿一面方旗，每隻手可指7種方向，除了待機信號之外，兩旗不會重疊。旗幟上沿
對角線分割為兩色，在陸地上使用的為
紅色和
白色，在海上使用的為紅色和
黃色。
旗語可打出
字母和
數字，但透過一些編碼規範的轉譯，例如
中文電碼，就可以傳達更複雜的訊息。
Rest / Space
| 
Numerals
| 
Error
| 
Cancel
| 
A / 1
| 
B / 2
|
C / 3
Acknowledge
| 
D / 4
| 
E / 5
| 
F / 6
| 
G / 7
| 
H / 8
|
I / 9
| 
J
Letters
| 
K / 0
| 
L
| 
M
| 
N
Negative
|
O
| 
P
| 
Q
| 
R
| 
S
| 
T
|
U
| 
V
| 
W
| 
X
| 
Y
|
wiki:-
English:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semaphore_(communication)
Chinese:
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%97%E8%AA%9E
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